Problems in Marriage in Henrik Ibsen´s A Doll´s House Essay

In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House play things was not what it seemed. It also teaches us a lesson on the consequences of having a marriage lacking trust and poor communication. The marriage of Torvald and Nora seemed normal like any other marriage in that time period. Torvald was the bread winner Nora was a house wife and she took care of their two children. Nora thought that the only thing she was missing to be the happiest person on earth was money, and all her problems were going to disappear. Since her husband was going to start a new job she believed that soon her dream was going to come true. All Nora wanted was to have a good life with her family, but what she did not know was that her secret was going to destroy her marriage with†¦show more content†¦When Nora confesses to her friend Mrs. Linden what she had done, she does not seams worry or ashamed because as she explained the money was used to save her husband’s life. Nora worked in the house co pying books to get money to pay the loan, and every time she went clothe shopping she would save half of the money. Now we can understand why in act one we see Nora asking for money and when her husband asked her what she wanted as a Christmas present, she also asked for money. Later in the play things start getting complicated for Nora. Her husband Torvald had become Mr. Krogstad boss at work, and Torvald wanted to fire Mr. Krogstad. This is when Mr. Krogstad starts to blackmail Nora. He wants Nora to stop Torvald from firing him. If she does not, Mr. Krogstad was going to tell Torvald her secret. This should have been the perfect time for Nora to tell the truth to her husband, but she believed that telling Torvald the truth will ruin their relationship. Nora says to her friend Mrs. Linde â€Å"Torvald, with all his masculine pride – how painfully humiliating for him if he ever found out he was in debt to me. That would ruin our relationship. Our beautiful, happy home would never be the same† (Iben 802) Nora wanted to protect and do what was best for her family, but when things are done based on lies things usually turn out bad. A marriage should be based on love and trust. If there is noShow MoreRelatedHerik Ibsen: Father of Modern Drama14 59 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Shivany Condor Mrs. Besnard IB English HL2 21 November 2013 Henrik Ibsen as â€Å"The Father of Modern Drama† Henrik Ibsen has long been referred to as the Father of Modern Drama, and such title has rightly been given so. Mr. Ibsen was one of the pioneer theatre dramaturges that began the Modernism Movement, primarily known as the Realism Movement. Modernism/Realism was a revolutionary idea back in Ibsen s time. Many concepts of theater - including plots, dialogue, and characters – were renovatedRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House1302 Words   |  6 Pages A Doll s House by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen is a play about the story of Nora Helmer, a childish woman who once borrowed money from a worker named Krogstad for the sole purpose of saving the life of her husband, Torvald Helmer. Her husband treated her like a child throughout their entire marriage due to his gender superiority and due to this treatment she leaves him at the end of the play. Most people view Nora Helmer as a feminist heroine due to her ability to stand up and break free fromRead MoreHow Nora was a victim and victimizer in A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen1068 Words   |  5 Pagespeople. Often when we take a look into the past what we see is very shocking. Such is the case in a Doll House by Henrik Ibsen. Here we see Nora presented as a victim of her father and male dominated society; however she also plays the role of victimizer against her husband, family, and friends. As Nora takes both sides of the conflict we see how she is forced into both roles. Nora plays with Dr. Rank s emotions; though by accident, she does so more than she had intended. Nora becomes desperate forRead MoreA Feminist Literary Stance, Roles of Women in Henrik Ibsen’s Play A Doll’s House and George Eliot’s Novel Middlemarch1546 Words   |  7 PagesA feminist literary stance, roles of women in Henrik Ibsen’s play A Doll’s House George Eliot’s novel Middlemarch Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and George Eliot’s Middlemarch are based on events from their personal experiences. The events that lead Ibsen to feel the need to write A Doll’s House makes his approach on the feminist stance a bit more unusual from other writers. Ibsen shows his realist style through modern views and tones that are acted out by the characters in this infamousRead MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s Ibsen 1459 Words   |  6 PagesHenrik Ibsen is a very common and almost an essential person if you where to judge him by his plays. Ibsen plays are a symbolic representation of how to deal with the reality of social issues. Social issues can be manipulated and used as a powerful political weapon. During this period writers would commonly form information in order to gain the attention and support of the public. Henrik Ibsen understood human nature, he played a crucial role in exploring and illuminating society by uniting honestyRead MoreA Woman s Prison By Henrik Ibsen Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesDoll’s House immediately encountered a spectrum of reactions--ranging from strong support to harsh criticism--following its premier in 1879. Controversy came about over Nora’s role as an independent woman who makes her own decisions. The public’s immediate response to Ibsen’s play reflects the shift occurring within society, centered on gender roles and women’s place in the mid to late 19th century. Ibsen’s portrayal of women through Nora’s role explores the ideas of equality within marriage as wellRead MoreTheatrical Realism : Realism And Realism1228 Words   |  5 PagesDOLL’S HOUSE Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906), a norwegian writer, is considered to be the father of modern realistic drama His plays attacked society’s values and dealt with unconventional subjects within the form of the well-made play (causally related) Ibsen’s letters reveal that much of what is contained in his realist dramas is based on events from his own life. A Doll’s House was the second in a series of realist plays by Ibsen after The Pillars of Society (1877) In the play, A Doll s House, the titleRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1298 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"There is beauty in truth, even if it s painful. Those who lie, twist life so that it looks tasty to the lazy, brilliant to the ignorant, and powerful to the weak. But lies only strengthen our defects. They don t teach anything, help anything, fix anything or cure anything. Nor do they develop one s character, one s mind, one s heart or one s soul.† (Josà © N. Harris). Nora Helmer’s choice to lie and deceive is inappropriate and wrong for women to do to her husband during this time period; itRead MoreA Dolls House, Drama Analysis, Realism and Naturalism1235 Words   |  5 PagesA Dolls House, Drama Analysis, Realism and Naturalism Topic B: Character Nora Helmer frolics about in the first act, behaves desperately in the second, and gains a stark sense of reality during the finale of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House. Ibsen was one of a few pioneers of the new theatrical movement of realism, and accordingly he is often called the father of modern drama. The character of Nora lives in a dream world, a childlike fantasy, where everything is perfect, and everything makes senseRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House2479 Words   |  10 PagesIbsen’s A Doll’s House: A parallel and a contrast style of Nora and Mrs. Linde A Doll s House is a play by Henrik Ibsen. Ibsen is Norwegian playwright, and Ibsen was born in 1828 in Skien, a town in the Norway. Also, Henrik Ibsen is a famous Norwegian playwright, theatre director, and poet, and Henrik Ibsen is often considered as â€Å"the father† of modern theater and one of the founders of Modernism in the theatre. In this play, Ibsen makes many hints about the roles of society and how the female gender

Culture And Personality Theory, And Dynamic Social Impact...

In this unit, we have discussed many theories and theorists in an attempt to discover how culture works. Do all of the people within a culture think, act, and behave the same? Do people change over the course of their lifetime? Does culture change, or does it remain the same forever? This essay will look at three theories in order to answer these questions: culture and personality theory, basic/modal personality theory, and dynamic social impact theory. Culture and Personality Theory One theory that was discussed in class was the theory of Culture and Personality. There are many problematic assumptions within this theory. The first is the cultural homogeneity assumption. Within this assumption, there is this tendency to assume that all members of a particular group must think, act, and behave in the same way. Not only does this ignore any and all variation within a group, but also it has not been tested. The second assumption is that of continuity. This assumes that the personality of someone stays fixed throughout his or her lifetime; in other words, the person never changes. It assumes that regardless of life experiences, behaviors and personalities do not change over time. For example, if a child is introverted at the age of three, they will still be introverted when they reach their thirties. This theory is often assumed, but almost never tested. The third assumption is of timelessness, which ignores cultural change. Researchers tend to focus on how cultures areShow MoreRelatedAmy Landon s The Emergency Room At Marshall I1678 Words   |  7 Pagesit causes her body to shut down to the point where she loses her ability to function. Borderline personality is also a diagnosis my patient has been diagnosed with having since 2006. Individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder are often times impulsive and lack the ability to succeed in social relationships. Although my client has been diagnosed with agoraphobia and borderline personality disorder, her ultimate problem is the anxiety attacks she frequently experiences due to repetitiveRead MorePersonality Psychology- an Integrative Essay712 Words   |  3 PagesTraditionally personality has been framed largely into multiple grand theories: psychoanalysis (Freud, Jung), humanistic theories (Rogers, Maslow), social-learning theories (Bandura, Mischel), cognitive-phenomenological theories (Kelly, Laing), trait theories (Eysenck, Cattell, the Big Five), narrative (McAdams, Bruner) and so on. However Personality psychology is yet to articulate clearly a comprehensive framework for understanding the whole person. This essay will attempt to provide a summary ofRead MoreEarly Exposure Of Foreign Literature1425 Words   |  6 Pagessociety, been one of the foremost tools used for social action and change. From describing social climate and conditions to using satires to bring about desired adj ustments, literature has played a very important role in the development of social attitudes. Albrecht’s 1954 essay on the relationship between literature and society sums it up perfectly; literature not only acts as a reflection of society but also has an influence on cultural ideals and social stability. In this study, the aim is to concentrateRead MoreTrait Theory And Social Cognitive Theories1190 Words   |  5 Pages Both Trait theory and Social Cognitive Theories are currently and have been very influential in describing personalities in people over the years. They have both similar and opposite qualities as well and seem to work off of each other at times in my opinion. Although many theories are still helpful in some ways, I feel like these two are more beneficial due to them bringing a more positive approach to describing personalities and giving the person more control over their own behavioral change ratherRead MoreObject Relations Theory : A Theory Of Relations hips1310 Words   |  6 PagesObject Relations Two Major Assumptions: Object relations theory is a theory of relationships between people particularly within a family believing that humans have a need to connect with others. More so, expressing a belief that we are driven to form relationships with others and that failure to do so successfully leads to later problems. This theory has deepened our understanding of humans and their relationships, as well as transformed social policies for example children are placed in foster homesRead MoreThe Factors That Influence Family Life902 Words   |  4 Pagesput into three theory categories; Social Structure, Interpersonal Factors, as well as Ideas, Global Culture, and Public Discourse. Social Structure theory has three main perspectives for what shapes family relations. Friedrich Engels argued that the transformation from feudalism to capitalism altered family life by moving production outside households and into factories which societal view of personal worth became attached to earning capacity (Baker 2014). Political Economy theory shows that familiesRead MoreRelationship Between Time And Human Behavior928 Words   |  4 PagesThe Life Cycle Perspective, also known as the life course theory is a useful way to understand the relationship between time and human behavior, which looks at how chronological age, relationships, common life transitions, and social change shape people throughout their lives. The life course perspective also focuses on traditional theories of developmental psychology, which look at the events that typically occur in people’s lives during different stages. As we grow older, life gets more complicatedRead MoreThe As A Way Of Life1173 Words   |  5 PagesUrban areas have very unique social characteristics that have been identified and pondered for many years. Why is it more socially acceptable to say hello to a complete stranger walking down the street in Holland than it is in Manhattan? What makes people view the homeless differently in a small town versus a large city? People have often wondered what makes cities so socially different than any other area in society. Louis Wirth published his theories on ideas like this in his 1938 article UrbanismRead MoreSocial Psychology And Its Impact On Individual Behavior1262 Words   |  6 PagesSocial psychology has evolved through history and its developments and contributions have been remarkable. This specialized area of psychology studies various topics that are significant for human beings (Ross, Lepper, Ward, 2010). This paper presents with an overview of social psychology by addressin g its central themes, strengths, limitations, relevance, and the significance of cultural considerations. Central themes Three central themes are apparent in social psychology research. These themesRead MorePsychological Elements of the Crowd Essays1552 Words   |  7 Pages and what aspects of the human mind may cause them. Because of its dramatic effects and political implications, the instance of rioting will also be examined in conjunction with social psychology, with especial focus on the 2011 London Riots due to their relevancy to the times. II. Summary – History and the two theories of crowd psychology The years were from 1789 to the very end of the eighteenth century, and France was submerged in political unrest. The working class was drenched in its collective

Financial Statement Corporate Governance †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Financial Statement Corporate Governance? Answer Introduction In the year 1988, the formation of ABC Learning was done and by the end of the year 2000, the company gained massive coverage of more than thirty centers. Further, the company attained its listing status in 2001 and diversified itself to more than 650 centers all across United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States. However, the collapse of the company can be attributed to the managements over-ambitious strategies and failure on the part of auditors. Further, the emergence of debt in 2007 wherein negotiation with the bankers was necessary also resulted in a bigger concern (CPA, 2012). As a result, some long-term liabilities of the company were not paid and this affected the companys cash flow negatively. Besides, this also resulted in a decline of the share price of the company. In short, the incident led to the total fall and the reason that can be cited is the collective failure of the management and the auditor. Even after having the top-notch audit firm, there was a scenario o f collective failure. Nonetheless, if the auditors had implemented strong choices, then this situation could have been prevented. Moreover, the ineffective choices of the auditors would not have been caught in the company had not attained profits from the usual course of activities. In other words, it was a big question as to how any childcare division could function in such a rapid way (IFAC, 2015). On a whole, the ways adopted by ABC Learning in order to attain bigger heights is surely noticeable and once must rethink how it enhanced its operations so rapidly. Major absence of relevant issues and negligence that must be considered during drafting of financial statements of the company An unqualified judgment was offered by the external auditors of ABC since the appointment in the year 2003. However, Ernst and Young took over the authority of being an auditor in the year 2007 and made an altogether distinct analysis of the profits that was done previously. Further, KPMG was engaged as a third party of the company in order to settle the differences. Nonetheless, both these enormous giant firms also failed to track any falsifications on the part of the management. This gives rise to the fact that both the auditors have offered a distinct opinion upon the companys financials and therefore, it must be taken into consideration that the unqualified judgment by the auditors played a key role in the disintegration of ABC Learning. In simple words, even after having major firms in the companys affairs, loopholes or mismanagement occurred that ultimately crumbled the company. Major instruments coming into movement Improper utilization of related party transactions played a key role in creating major problems for the firm. The major reason behind such decision was to portray an effective and shiny image of the firm so that the investors and financial institutions could be easily fooled in order to get more borrowings from them. In addition to this, the obligations and losses of the firm were also addressed by such borrowings and keeping the securities as collateral. Nonetheless, such related party transactions played a vital part in decreasing the securities by highlighting the transactions as a registered sale for securities. Further, the auditing department also assisted the management in concealing such replication of securities in the financials so that their vulnerabilities were not exposed. In addition, the loans obtained by the firm were also depicted as Sale Proceeds of Investment Securities and this never formed part of the balance sheet (CPA, 2012). The major intention behind such tra nsaction was to target less risky liabilities and resourceful assets. In short, the major intention was to reap more profit at the cost of others. ABC learning center made enormous success and profit in a short time span and this was done at the cost of the innocent investors. The company was also being paid an enormous figure of $74 million for the operations associated with the ABC centers. The company also attempted to sponsor the Brisbane Bullets team of basketball. All these transactions were unrelated in nature based on the statement of ABC Learning but in reality, these transactions itself played a major part in disintegrating the company. Nevertheless, this was both the management and auditors failure that resulted in such a situation. On a whole, such related party transactions must not be endeavor by any company because it not only creates a situation for hampering of goodwill in the market but also crumbles the company as a whole (Teen, 2012). The common public and investors perceive that the management is operating the company for their own benefits and not for the advantage of the investors. However, in contrast to this, in the case of ABC Learning, it can be easily stated that the major drawback that resulted in its downfall can be attributed to a poor performance on the part of auditors and an ineffective corporate governance mechanism. Besides, the real scenarios of the firm were not revealed in the financial statements at all, and as a result, such financials represented the financial information in a very distinct manner based on the prevailing situation of the firm (Cappelleto, 2010). This resulted in the emergence of a major cause of discrepancy in the financial reporting standards of the company. Overall, considering the above situation, it can be easily stated that the company could have been easily safeguarded from such a drastic situation if the auditors had taken relevant steps to disclose important matters to the stakeholders and common public. However, instead, they tried to conceal significant concerns from these users so that a tarnished image of the company can be portrayed. Moreover, even if they warned the management of the hazardous consequences of such steps, the situation might have been very different. Either the company could be saved or its disintegration could be delayed to some extent if the auditor took such steps. ASA 707 that relates to the communication of major audit concerns in the independent audit report Such auditing standard was adopted for the purpose of efficient financial reporting in the year December 15. The prior motive behind the adoption of this standard can be attributed to the fact that it assists in keeping a trace of major audit matters and after conducting effective assessment measures, such matters can be reported to the management of the audit firm without wasting any further time. The users of financial statements can be highly benefitted from such standard because it allows them to observe the major matters and other situations prevailing in the financials so that it can safeguard them from encountering significant losses, thereby, in turn, posing as a very effective way to enhance transparency (Geoffrey et. al, 2016). Moreover, the financials of the firm would have been real and easy to be interpreted by such users if the auditors were not negligent of their duties as an auditor. Further, if such standard prevailed in the situation of ABC learning, the auditors wo uld not be in a position to conceal relevant matters from the audit report and that would have safeguarded the firm from disintegration as a whole (Fazal, 2013). On a whole, it is the responsibility of an auditor to emphasize relevant and due care towards matters that are more significant especially while undergoing the procedure of auditing of the financial statements. Auditing matters that swamps the disintegration of ABC learning The auditing standard of ASA 707 would have played a key role in the disclosure of relevant facts and figures in the case of ABC learning. Besides, the absence of such standard, in this case, granted undue advantage to the auditors in concealing significant facts from the audit report that ultimately played a key role in destroying the firm (Kaplan, 2011). On a whole, it can be stated that the absence of ASA 707 and other relevant loopholes in the regulatory system at that time resulted in the failure and collapse of ABC learning. Hiding of misstated leverage ratio of the firm . The significant concerns that resulted in the disintegration of the firm have been portrayed by the points that had to be reported to those who are responsible for the maintenance of governance. Besides, if ASA 701 was not absent in the case of ABC learning, the auditors would be strictly bound to comply with all the statutory rules and regulations and concealment of relevant matters would have been avoided (Kruger, 2015). Further, the firm could be saved from such a grave scenario as well. Failure to disclose the evidence The firm was responsible to acquire a true opinion of sales in order to proceed with their transactions that can fully adhere to the lawful platform for the transfers. The major reason that led to the downfall consisted in the deficiency of the system. Going by the ACCC representation, it is evident that the ABC downfall was not due to the cut-throat competition rather the downfall happened to owe to many disturbances and financial mismanagement like high debts and acquisitions. Hence, the fall can be linked to the deficiencies that the financial information projected. The firm encountered disintegration owing to such borrowings and transactions (Christensen, 2011). Moreover, the financial institutions also stopped accepting the securities as collateral in contrast to the short-term borrowings. This resulted in a failure to address the obligations on the part of ABC learning and all these scenarios occurred after the occurrence of huge debts and liabilities in the capital structure o f the firm that posed a huge threat to its smooth flow of operations and finally crumbled the firm as a whole. Nondisclosure of wrong transactions in notes to financial statements and audit report Owing to the improper transactions, the same was required to be disclosed in the audit report and financials of the firm. However, it planned to conceal the same because it would then become vulnerable owing to massive borrowings and other obligations. In addition, the unaltered leverage ratio would also expose the firm to the investors if they had not concealed the same (Lapsley, 2012). The major part played by the auditors in such a scenario was concealment of impacts that could be caused because of the transactions entered into by the firm and therefore, it was decided to hide the same. Approval of the transactions in order to influence the financials The financials of the company were based on weak grounds and the management took many decisions without concerning the auditor. Moreover, the auditor failed to trace such frailties and proceeded with the same. Many transactions were undertaken as investments in the balance sheet. Moreover, the auditor must have been aware of the consequences that would occur and it was their moral responsibility to warn the management about the same (Carcello, 2012). In addition to all this, the firm also endeavored to portray its equities as collaterals instead of fixed income securities so that the related party transactions can be easily carried on. Approval of financial statements that has problem with the transactions . Besides, both the firm and their auditors were smart enough to depict these relevant transactions as minimal variations in the financials. In addition to this, the firm also highlighted that the repurchase of securities was majorly undertaken at a minimal cost and the same was concealed under major large-scale derivatives (Heeler, 2009). Besides, the firm and their auditors attempted to show these transactions in the notes to financial statements. On a whole, it can be seen that all these improper acts were done by the firm in consultation with the auditors who were morally responsible to stop or disclose the same in their audit report. Classification of inappropriate resources All the major short-term financing transactions were inappropriate and the recording was faulty in nature. Furthermore, the securities were depicted as collateral was later removed from the financials of the firm. In addition to all this, the firm also endeavored to minimize its liabilities in order to portray the image that the securities of the firm are being provided to the third parties as compensation and the leverage is also declined (IFAC, 2015). Further, all the debts acquired by the firm was also supposed to be shown on the balance sheet of the firm until they were repaid. However, the transactions were depicted as sales so that the sold securities could be subtracted from the assets of the firm and there could be no sign of any liabilities (Manoharan, 2011). Recommendation When it comes to the process of financial reporting, both internal, as well as statutory auditor plays a leading role in shaping the destiny of the organization. Moreover, the level of transparency depends on the auditors duty. If the compliance is done in accordance with the company law it leads to better practice. Hence, the auditor needs to assess the books in an in-depth manner so that the preparation of the financial statement is devoid of any mistakes and errors. The auditors are responsible for the financial statement preparation and to correctly note the facts and then provide the independent decision. The auditors are morally liable to depict a true and fair view of the financials of the company and the society because they rely upon the judgment offered by the auditors (Blay et. al, 2011). Therefore, in order to adhere to this, the auditors must comply with the auditing standards so that they can utilize the same in their audit processes. In the ABC learning case, since the auditors neglected in doing their activities in a moral way and therefore, the third parties suffered. Hence, without depicting the mistakes of the company in the financial statements, the auditors cannot adhere to ethics of audit. Further, the disintegration of ABC learning shows the loopholes in the regulatory system that necessitates corrective actions and supervision as a whole. Conclusion The disintegration of Lehman offers illustrations to organizations to adhere to moral standards in relation to corporate governance practices. Further, the management and auditor must strictly abide by all the rules because such rules are made for their own advantages so that both the management and public can be effectively addressed. Moreover, it is the situations demand that there must be a wise and appropriate imaging of the financials of companies so that the management does not acquire undue advantage to mislead the users of financial statements for their own benefits. Overall, in such a case, implementation of accounting and auditing standards is the need of the hour. Nevertheless, the firm failed to disclose all these concerns in their financial statements because the auditors attempted to conceal the same (Matthew, 2015). This gives rise to the fact that if the auditors had not been negligent in their activities and tried to disclose the same, the firm would have been safegu arded from such a drastic situation and corrective actions would have saved it. References Blay, A. D., Geiger, M. A. North, D. S. 2011. The Auditor's Going-Concern Opinion as a Communication of Risk. Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory, 30 (2), pp. 77- 102. Cappelleto, G., 2010. Challenges Facing Accounting Education in Australia. AFAANZ, Melbourne Carcello, J 2012. What do investors want from the standard audit report? CPA Journal, 82(1), 7. Christensen, J., 2011. Good analytical research. European Accounting Review, 20(1), pp. 41-51 CPA 2012. ABC learning collapse case study. [online] Available at: https://www.cpaaustralia.com.au/professional-resources/education/abc-learning-collapse-case-study [Accessed 15 September 2017] Fazal, H., 2013. What is Intimidation threat in auditing? [Online] Available at https://pakaccountants.com/what-is-intimidation-threat-in-auditing/ [Accessed 14 September 2017] Geoffrey D. B,Joleen K,K. Kelli SDavid A. W 2016. Attracting Applicants for In-House and Outsourced Internal Audit Positions: Views from External Auditors. Accounting Horizons, 30(1), pp. 143-156. Heeler, D., 2009. Audit Principles, Risk Assessment Effective Reporting. Pearson Press IFAC 2015. Strengthening organizations, Advancing Economies. [online] Available at: https://www.ifac.org/auditing-assurance/clarity-center/clarified-standards [Accessed 14 September 2017] Kaplan, R.S., 2011. Accounting scholarship that advances professional knowledge and practice. The Accounting Review, 86(2), pp. 367383. Kruger, P., 2015. Corporate goodness and shareholder wealth. Journal of Financial economics, pp. 304-329 Lapsley, I., 2012. Commentary: Financial Accountability Management. Qualitative Research in Accounting Management, 9(3), pp. 291-292. Manoharan, T.N., 2011. Financial Statement Fraud and Corporate Governance. The George Washington University. Matthew S. E 2015. Does Internal Audit Function Quality Deter Management Misconduct?. The Accounting Review 90(2), pp. 495-527 Teen, M.Y., 2012. The ABC of a corporate collapse. [online] Available at: https://governanceforstakeholders.com/2012/12/28/the-abc-of-a-corporate-collapse/ [Accessed 14 September 2017]

Joints and Body Movements free essay sample

Laszlo Vass, Ed. D. Version 42-0014-00-01 Lab RepoRt assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. Purpose: What is the purpose of this exercise? To identify and define the structural categories of joints and joint movements, as well as discuss the function of the synovial joints in the body. To be able to describe how tearing a tendon affects the muscle it corresponds with. To describe how losing articular cartilage affects the corresponding joint, its bones and the associated muscles. Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what precautions should be taken. We will write a custom essay sample on Joints and Body Movements or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Gown, glove, goggles, proper clean up. exeRcise 1: Questions A. As you observe the skull, explain how the structure of the sutures between the cranial bones is related to the overall function of the cranium. At birth, an infant’s skull has six cranial bones separated by strong, fibrous elastic sutures. These sutures are what allow the infant’s skull to squeeze through the birth canal, as they allow the cranial bones to overlap each other during the process, and then allow for brain growth and development. By 12-18 months they grow together, and remain flexible during infancy and childhood. In adulthood the cranial sutures stay together. B. Why are synarthroses an important component of fibrous joints? Synarthroses are joints that do not move, such as the joints in the skull that never move in adulthood. Since the sutures between the different bones in the cranium do not move in adulthood, this also protects the brain. exeRcise 2: Questions A. Cartilaginous joints exhibit amphiarthroses. Why is this important? Amphiarthroses are slightly movable joints connected by fibrocartilage, including the vertebrae of the spinal column. The intervertebral discs join each vertebrae and allow movement, allowing us to bend over and side to side. B. Structurally, how are cartilaginous joints similar? Cartilaginous joints are similar in that they allow more movement between bones than a fibrous joint but less than the highly mobile synovial joint. exeRcise 3: Questions A. Which type of synovial joint has the least amount of movement? Synarthrosis has the least amount of movement under normal conditions and is very fibrous. B. Why are diarthroses important for synovial joints? Diarthroses are important for synovial joints because they are synovial joints where two bones are bound together by a joint capsule, forming what is called a joint cavity. In synovial joints a fluid called synovial fluid is found which lubricates the joints making them movable. C. Which synovial joint is most movable? Diarthrosis is the most movable synovial joint. D. What are the four structural characteristics that all synovial joints share? 1. Two-layered articular capsule 2. Synovial membrane 3. Hyaline cartilage 4. Bursae exeRcise 4: Questions A. Which of the body movements was the most difficult to perform? Why? The hip rotation was the most difficult to perform because its range of motion is limited. B. Hinge joints like the elbow and knee have limited movement. Why are these types of joints more prone to injury? The elbow and knee joint are more prone to injury because they are only capable of moving in two directions (hinge joints), so if that joint is forced to move in another direction it may result in injury and often does. C. When performing flexion on the arm, the biceps muscle (on the anterior of the arm) contracts. What happens to the triceps muscle (on the posterior of the arm) as this action is performed? The tricep muscle will retract, as the bicep muscle contracts. D. Both the shoulder and the hip are ball and socket joints. Why does the shoulder have a greater range of motion than the hip? The hip joint is larger and deeper than the shoulder joint. The hip joint is also weight bearing, and much more constrained and more stable, whereas the shoulder joint is more mobile. The shoulder depends more on the muscles, which connect it to the ball for movement and function ability. exeRcise 5: obseRvations Sketch your chicken wing: Label the bones, muscles, tendons and joints. exeRcise 5: Questions A. What effect will the tearing of a tendon have on its corresponding muscle? The tearing of a tendon will cause the corresponding muscle to shrink, due to the decreased tendon activity. B. Why are ligaments harder to heal than tendons? Ligaments are harder to heal than tendons because they have a limited blood supply. , which assist is transporting protein and nutrients to help repair damage. C. Compare and contrast tendons and ligaments. Tendons and ligaments are both muscle tissues. Tendons are tough flexible bands of fibrous tissue that connect the muscles to bones. Ligaments are long stringy collagen fibers that create bands of tough, fibrous connective tissue and connect bone to bone. D. What is the function of fascia? Fascia assists in holding skin to muscle. E. What effect would the loss of articular cartilage have on a joint, its bones and their corresponding muscles? The loss of articular cartilage will cause corresponding joints to feel stiff and painful, and may even cause it to lock up. The loss of articular cartilage eventually will cause osteoarthritis, which is a process caused by either wear and tear or disease. Conclusions Explain how skin, bones, and muscles are related to each other. Why is this relationship important to the understanding of the skeletal and muscular systems? This relationship is important because it is the muscles that are what helps/protects our bones to allow proper movement and function ability. Skin provides protection from outside elements and also against exposure to outside elements in regards to our skeletal and muscular systems. Without one or the other or both we would not be able to function normally.